In depth
A typical preflight check covers: image resolution (usually 300dpi at final size for sharp print); embedded fonts (anything not embedded becomes a substitution risk); colour space (RGB images converted to CMYK with the right profile); overprint and transparency (flagged because they can render unexpectedly); bleed and trim marks (present and correct); total ink coverage (often capped around 280–300% to avoid set-off on the press); and PDF/X compliance.
Preflight tools range from desktop applications (Adobe Acrobat Pro, Enfocus PitStop) to RIP-integrated checks in prepress workflows (Heidelberg Prinect, Esko Automation Engine, Kodak Prinergy). The output is a report listing each issue, its severity, and — increasingly — an auto-fix suggestion.
Good preflight catches problems hours before a press run, when the customer can still supply a corrected file. Bad preflight (or no preflight) catches them on press, when the operator is stopped, the schedule is broken, and the makeready waste is paid for. For an SME shop, preflight is one of the highest-ROI tools to standardise on.